Trigger mechanism for spear or harpoon guns



Sept. 22, 1959 D. .J. ABRAMS E- TRIGGER MECHANISM FOR SPEAR OR HARPOON GUNS Filed Dec. 1'7, 1956 1 JP S a m mo 0M liver/re TRIGGER MECHANESM FOR SPEAR R HARPUQN GUNS Donald J. Abrams, Whittier, and Marius R. Welland, Norwalk, Calif.

Application December 17, 1956, Serial No. 628,590

Claims. (Cl. 124-40) This invention relates generally to harpoon or spear guns and the like and relates more particularly to improvements in the trigger mechanism for such guns.

While the invention has particular utility in connection with guns of this character which may be termed submarine guns for shooting fish, and is shown and described embodied in such a gun, it is to be understood that its utility is not confined thereto.

Submarine or underwater harpoon guns are provided with a harpoon or spear which is propelled by means of a spring or rubber slings. When the harpoon is in position in the gun, preparatory to being discharged, it is held in position in the gun by means of a trigger mechanism, the spring or rubber slings exerting a powerful pressure on the harpoon urging same in a direction to drive it forwardly upon its release from the part of the trigger mechanism holding said harpoon in the gun. Because of the force exerted on the harpoon by the spring or rubber slings there is a great deal of friction between the harpoon and said trigger part and also pressure thereon. With previous trigger mechanisms substantial pressure must be applied to the trigger by the trigger finger and there may be a slight delay in effecting discharge of the gun sufiicient to permit the intended game to get out of range or otherwise escape.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a trigger mechanism adapted to securely retain the harpoon or spear in the gun and to properly release same even under extreme load conditions such as would occur when the spring is strengthened or rubber slings are added to those normally used.

Another object of the invention is to provide mechanism of this character that has a simple and effective trigger return means.

Still another object of the invention is to provide mechanism of this character which securely retains the harpoon in position in the gun but which requires a minimum of pressure or force to actuate the trigger and release the harpoon.

A further object of the invention is to provide a mechanism of this character upon which the corrosive action of salt water will be greatly reduced or substantially eliminated.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a mechanism of this character which may be easily and quickly dismantled for cleaning, inspection or repair with merely a screw driver, coin or other simple tool.

Another object of the invention is to provide a mechanism of this character wherein there is no reversal of the leverage applied on the trigger by the amount of load on the harpoon shaft.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a mechanism of this character having a simple, effective safety lock which prevents accidental firing.

Patented Sept. 22, 1959 A further object of the invention is to provide mechanism of this character that is extremely simple in construction and operation.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a mechanism of this character that is relatively inexpensive to manufacture.

The characteristics and advantages of the invention are further sufliciently referred to in connection with the following detailed description of the accompanying drawings which represent one embodiment. After considering this example, skilled persons will understand that many variations may be made without departing from the principles disclosed, and it is contemplated that any structures, arrangements or modes of operation that are properly within the scopes of the appended claims may be used.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a gun embodying the present mechanism, only a portion of the barrel and harpoon or spear being shown;

Fig. 2 is a similar view with a portion shown in longitudinal section to show the trigger mechanism;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on line 33 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a view taken from line 55 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a view taken from line 66 of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 7 is a side view of the rear end portion of the harpoon or spear shaft.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, there is shown the rear portion of a harpoon or spear gun which comprises a body portion, indicated generally at 10, from which depends a handle or pistol grip 11. A cylindrical barrel support 12 extends forwardly from the body and includes a reduced diameter portion 14 which is received in the rear end portion of a tubular barrel 15, which is secured thereon by a screw 16 which extends through diametrically arranged openings provided therefor in said rear end portion of the barrel 15 and through an opening provided therethrough in said reduced diameter portion 14.

Barrel support 12 is spaced downwardly of the plane of the upper or top side 17 of the body so that there is shoulder 18, the plane of which is substantially normal to the axis of said barrel support. A horizontal bore 19 extends from the front face of said shoulder 18 for reception of the rear end portion 20 of a spear or harpoon 21, Fig. 7, there being a collar 22 at the forward end of said harpoon or spear portion 20.

Beneath the bore 19 is a chamber 25 for reception of a trigger plate 26 separated by a horizontal partition 27. The width of said chamber in a transverse direction is slightly greater than the thickness of the plate 26. There is a bore 28 in said partition 2'7, extending from said bore 19 downwardly into the upper end of said chamber 25, a continuation 23a of said bore 23 extending downwardly to the bottom side or edge of the body it]. At the rear of the chamber 25 is a vertical bore 29 extending from the upper side 1'7 of the body to a point below the bottom edge 36 of the body 10 and communicating with said chamber by means of a slot 31 which extends downwardly from the plane of the top of the chamber 25, said slot extending to the front of the grip 11 a limited distance below said bottom edge 39 of the body.

The trigger 26 comprises a relatively flat plate of metal and includes a main body portion 33 having a transverse opening therethrough for pivotal reception of and support by a pivot pin 34 which is received in aligned open ings provided therefor in the portions 35 of the body dc 3 fining the-*sides-of the chamber ZS; Pin 34 has a relatively flatconvex head 36' at one endand an annular-- groove adjacent the opposite end for reception of a generally U- shaped wire retainer 37 which secures the pin in place,

said retainer being easily attached to the pin 34 and 5 removed therefrom when it is desired to dismantle the trigger mechanism. The upper forward edge portion 4%) o-fi the. trigger-body 33-Aisarcuate in .shape iand has a radiusvcenteredon theaxis of thepivotipini34ti. Beginning at the rear end 41 of the edge portio'nzAtl and 'cunvi-ng arcuately downwardly' and-.frearwardly iszaxnotch 44. At therearof the .notchi.i44-is a; projection:45zfromswhich an arcuate notch 46 extends downwardly andrlsomewh'ati rearwardlw The. trigger: has a: projection '148S'Whi811 :ex-

tends downwardly' andrrearwardlyrand 'isuprovidedm'itlr within 5 said here. 29' by' means of .an1 annular :screw? 54 threadably received in the upper end: of :bore ;29:.-andhaving a longitudinal opening 55 therethrough,-; toprevent: trappingpfi water above the bell 52,whichz'wouldfinteriere with the actuation-pf the trigger. Slots 56timthe upper;

endof-g the screw are provided for receptionof, a screw 30 driver coin or the like to actuate saidiscrew '54; The ball 52 is engaged by thestraight edge 49.;-of.1he .trigger and whenathe. trigger member; 50. istzpulledjrearwardiyto actuate. the-trigger plate :in a counterclockwise direction the ball is moved upwardly in therbore fifieagainst: ther;

forceofzspring 53,-the latter forcing the-ball tothebottomtof the bore-29 whenthetriggermember '50 isr-re-.. leased to move: the trigger plate clockwise.v When::.the:

ball is ;at thebottomof bore 29 the triggerisrmoveditoc 40 the. normal forward position.

Theaxisof the boreZS and continuation-28a thereofi iswertical and intersects the axis of therpivot -pin:34' ofi theltri-ggersand aball 58 is operably received inzthebore; 28; being easily slidable therein. This .ballnormally-restsi:

onsthearcuate portion 40, the rear. end iii of; which; is;

positioned rearwardly of the'axis; ofthe .borezifirwhenrthet; trigger is in the normal position shown in Figs; 1 and, 2. Withihetrigger in the normal position thusnsupjporting ball.,,58:there is an upper section .of the ball WhlChlCX-i tends-upwardly into. the bore 19 which-is: somewhatr smallerrin diameter than the diameter of the ball sogthat' the, latter-cannot inadvertently escape through; saidtbores; 19.

When the. trigger is in the normalposition-thetportiom 40 supports the ball as shown in Fig. .2. trigger is moved in the counter clockwise direction by applying rearward pressure on the member 50' the ball rides on said arcuate portion 40 until the rear end 41 of said portion 40 passes forwardly through the axis of the bore 28, whereupon the ball moves downwardly along the face of said notch 44- until the-upper portion of said ball moves downwardly out ofjthe bore. 19. It will be readily apparent that because the radius. of the portion 40 is centered on the axis of the pivot pin.

34 for the trigger plate the ball 58 will not move ver.-, 5

tically either upwardly or downwardly aslong as it rides. onnsaid portion 40 so that the trigger will move very easily and with little effort. The spring 53 isreadily compressed when the trigger member 50 is pulled but is sufiiciently strong to move the trigger back to the normal.

position when said trigger member is released, the..b'ottom of notch 44-moving the ball upwardly into the.=bore 19,'as shown in Fig. 2.

In loading the gun the trigger; memben50: is pulled;

rearwardly to clear the. bore :19. Therear :endzportion;

20 of the harpoon or spear is then inserted into said bore with notch-60 thereof faeing-- downwardly,- thetrigger then being released permitting the ball 58 to be moved upwardly into the bore 19 and into said notch 60 which snugly receives said ball. The ball 58 cannot move downwardly as long as it rides on portion 40 because the center of said ball is on the axial line of the bore 28 and directly above the axis of the pivot 34. Pulling the trigger member 5%) permits the ball to descend out of the bore 19 and release the harpooruoruspear.

There is a trigger guard 62 which includes a horizontal portion 63, the freeend of'whichds-removably received in a slot provided therefor in the front of the grip 11. At the-opposite end of portion 63 there. is a vertioalportion 64 and at the upper. end .of. said vertical portion there is a rearwardly turned end portion 65 having an opening-therein for reception of aretaining screw 66-;

Means for retaining .--the line indicated .at 67, is provided, said means comprising a hub 68 rotatably mounted on the screw 66 between the trigger guard portion 65 and the under side of the barrel support 12. There are a of oppositely arranged:short spokes -m se'cured to the: hub -68-'- and; a pair of oppositely arranged long; spokes -71 dis'posed" at: right angles: and between: the: shorti spokesr VIhen the trigger is= in the normal position" a portion th'ereof is rin thepath of the longer 'spokes and" one of said longen spokes: engages-the trigger platezwhenz'. the line'is' releasably disposed on'one of 'the:short'spokes-.=. The slings are secured to therbarrehand: harpoon' on spearin: the well known: mannerv andwhenathatrigger member 50 isrpulledr-tor release the harpoontonspear the:

trigger plates-moves out :of the;path1 of: said: long-spoke:-

4, At the opposite: endis aartapped; axial bore-zforurecepw-p tionrof-s arscrew 78 the: head;.of=.whicl1 prevents; said? shaft friomsliding to'.the. .left ,.-.asviviewedrinasaid Fig- 1 Thednnersidecgof "flange :76 -is: provided. wit-l1 aupainl of: recesses;.80\:spacechareuately apartv 'snbstantiaJly 9OEj .one: of said recessesbeingphown in FigzA;

A spring- 815 is. received: in "a; bore: provided therefor in; the.- body; beneath the g fiange 76 and urges a}; M11182: outwardly 1 against the .flange, said-.-ball=.. being adapted to: enter either of the-recesses 280m) .positionand releasably retain-thershaftn75sin respectiverotative-positionse When. said shaft is in one position a notcht84-is sopositioned; withlrespectsto theaprojection- 45; of, the" trigger plate that ,the freesendportion ofrsaidiprojection' passes through; said notch when the trigger is rotated. When-.the-shattimpositioned in .its:-.lo.ckingor safety position-.the notch 844E rotated .90? and zthe. adjacent.- portion-iof the .shaft- 75 is. in. the: path ,oflthe; free. tend. portion v0f-..sa-id .projece ti0nl.45.,so.thatthe trigger cannot'be rotatedinrthe counter; clockwise direction. 7

The...body,-. gun support portionsand gripgportionzmay be tofuany :suitable.imaterial, such as for example ,a P1381 tic-orth'erlike andathe-metalrparts may be of=amaterial-. that is extremely resistant to the corrosive action=of zseat waterl .Theserpartsimay beeoflstainless steel. or :may be platedwith'corrosionresistingmateriala. n l

Itfs tolbernoted, hat ..the.device may be .easil-Yy. assent-Q bled 'or taknapartll- Alllth'at is-neededis ascrew driven. or..even a .coin..tl1at.-will;fit'-.into thetool slotsoftheseveral screws, the pivot. .pin..-i34. being released. by slipping the. clip r37lfront the. groove provided .therefor. inthe pivot pin 34. The clip is also easily replacedsand ,the.: ball. -58-. is placed. .in.-.oraremoved-i-fromi the bore, .28 t through: the continuationtonextension zsatthereofz It is thouglgtnthat;ttheieinvention; andr'manygofritsiflv tendant advantages will be understood from the foregoing description and it is thought that it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the parts of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof or sacrificing all of its material advantages, the form hereinbefore described being merely by way of example of one embodiment.

We claim:

1. A harpoon gun, including: a body of plastic material having a depending grip and a cylindrical forwardly extending barrel support, a portion of said body extending upwardly of the top of the barrel support and having a forwardly opening bore therein; a harpoon having a shaft with a rear end portion provided with an arcuate notch therein, said rear end portion being receivable in said bore; "said body *having a relatively narrow trigger 'plate chamber beneath said bore and separated therefrom by a horizontal partition having a passage therethrough, the axis of said passage being normal to the axis of said bore and extending to the bottom of said body, said passage being in communication with said chamber at the front thereof, and a second, vertical bore at the rear of said chamber and communicating throughout a substantial portion of its length with said chamber; a ball movable in the passage in said partition and axially thereof, said ball being of larger diameter than the diameter of said bore and received in said arcuate notch in said shaft; a trigger plate in said chamber having an opening for a pivot pin, said plate having a depending trigger, a rearwardly and downwardly extending arm, extending into said second bore, a projection, and an arcuate portion having a radius on the axis of said pivot pin opening, said arcuate portion being at the upper forward portion of said plate and supporting said ball in the shaft notch and terminating rearwardly of the axis of said passage, said plate having an arcuate notch beginning at the rear end of said arcuate portion and curving toward said pivot pin opening; a pivot pin received in aligned openings in the body at each side of said chamber and pivotally received in the opening in said plate, the axis of said pivot pin being directly below the passage and being intersected by the axis of said passage, said ball riding on said arcuate portion and arcuate notch of said trigger plate as the latter is pivotally actuated; a second ball in said second bore and engageable with the free end of said arm; a spring in said second bore; a screw having an axial opening therethrough, threadably received in the upper end of said second bore, said spring reacting between said screw and the last mentioned ball to urge said trigger to the normal forward position, said trigger plate being in said normal position when said ball is at the bottom of the second bore; and safety latch means, including a rotatable rod in aligned openings in the body at opposite sides of said chamber, said rod having a cut out portion; means for rotating said rod; and means for releasably retaining said rod in two positions, the projection on the trigger plate moving through said cut out portion of the rod when the latter is in one position, and when said rod is moved to the other of said positions, a portion of said rod extends into the path of said projection so that said trigger plate cannot be actuated.

2. A spear gun, including: a body having a depending grip and a cylindrical forwardly extending barrel support, a portion of said body extending upwardly of the top of the barrel support and having a forwardly opening bore therein; a spear having a shaft with a rear end portion provided with a notch, said rear end portion being receivable in said bore; said body having a trigger plate chamber beneath said bore and separated therefrom by a horizontal partition having a passage therethrough, the axis of said passage being normal to the axis of said bore and extending to the bottom of said body, said passage being in communication with said chamber at the front thereof, and a second, vertical bore at the rear of 6 said chamber and communicating throughout a substantial portion of its length with said chamber; a ball movable in the passage and axially of said passage, said ball being of large diameter than the diameter of said bore and received in said arcuate notch in said shaft; a trigger plate in said chamber having an opening for a pivot pin, said plate having a depending trigger, a rear- Wardly and downwardly extending arm, extending into said second bore, and an arcuate portion having a radius on the axis of said pivot pin opening, said arcuate portion being at the upper forward portion of said plate for supporting said ball in the first mentioned bore and notch, said arcuate portion terminating rearwardly of the axis of said passage, said plate having an arcuate notch beginning at the rear end of said arcuate portion and curving toward said pivot pin opening; a pivot pin received in aligned openings in the body at each side of said chamher and pivotally received in the opening in said plate, the axis of said pivot pin being directly below the passage and being intersected by the axis of said passage, said ball riding on said arcuate portion and arcuate notch of said trigger plate as the latter is pivotally acuated; a second ball in said second bore and engageable with the free end of said arm; a spring in said second bore; and a screw having an axial opening therethrough, threadably received in the upper end of said second bore, said spring reacting between said screw and the last mentioned ball to urge said trigger plate to the normal forward position, said plate being in said normal position when said ball is at the bottom of said second bore.

3. A spear gun, including: a body having a depending grip and a cylindrical forwardly extending barrel support, a portion of said body extending upwardly of the top of the barrel support and having a forwardly opening bore therein, said body having a relatively narrow trigger plate chamber beneath said bore and separated therefrom by a. horizontal partition having a passage therethrough with an axis normal to the axis of said bore and extending to the bottom of said body, said passage being in communication with said chamber at the front thereof, and a vertical bore at the rear of said chamber, communicating with said chamber; a ball movable axially in the passage in said partition, said ball being of larger diameter than the diameter of said bore; a trigger plate in said chamber having an opening for a pivot pin, said plate having a depending trigger, a reaiwardly and downwardly extending arm, a free end portion thereof extending into said vertical bore, and an arcuate portion having a radius on the axis of said pivot pin opening, said arcuate portion being at the upper forward portion of said plate and terminating rearwardly of the axis of said passage, said plate having an arcuate notch beginning at the rear end of said arcuate portion and curving toward said pivot pin opening; a pivot pin received in aligned openings in the body at each side of said chamber and pivotally received in the opening in said plate, the axis of said pivot pin being directly below the passage and being intersected by the axis of said passage, said ball riding on said arcuate portion and being held thereby with an upper portion of said ball projecting into the first mentioned bore, said ball also riding on the bottom of said arcuate notch of said trigger plate as the latter is pivotally actuated; a second ball in said vertical bore and engageable with the free end of said trigger plate arm; a spring in said vertical bore; and a screw having an axial opening therethrough, threadably received in the upper end of said second bore, said spring reacting between said screw and the last mentioned ball to urge said trigger to the normal forward position.

4. A harpoon gun, including: a body having a depending grip and a forwardly extending barrel support, a portion of said body extending upwardly of the top of the barrel support and having a horizontal, forwardly opening bore therein; a harpoon having a shaft with a rear end portion provided with an arcuate notch, said asset e7 rear end portion being receivable in said bore; said body.

separated therefrom by a horizontal partition having a passage therethrough, the axis of said passage being normal to the axis of said bore and extending to the bot-. tom of said body, said passage beingin communication with said chamber at the front thereof; a ball movable in the passage and axially thereof, said ball beingof larger diameter than the diameter of said boreand re ceived in said arcuate notch in said shaft; a triggerplate in said chamber having an opening for apivot pin, said plate having a depending trigger, and an arcuate portion having a radius on the axis of said pivot pin opening, said arcuate portion being at the upper forward portion of said plate for supporting said ball in said bore and shaft notch, said arcuate portion terminating rearwardly of the axis of said passage, said plate having an arcuate notch beginning at the rear end of said arcuate portion and curving toward said pivot pin opening; a pivot pin received in aligned openings in the body at each side of said chamber and pivotally received in the opening in said plate, the axis of said pivot pin being directly below the passage and being intersected by the axis of said passage, said ball riding on said arcuate portion and bottom of the arcuate notch of said trigger plate as the latter is pivotally actuated; and yielding means urging said trigger plate to a normal trigger position.

5. A spear gun, including: a body having a depending grip and a barrel support, said body having a forwardly opening spear shaft receiving bore therein, and a trigger plate chamber beneath said bore and separated therefrom by a horizontal partition having a passage therethrough with an axis normal to theaxis of said bore; a ball movable longitudinally in the passage in said partition, said ball being of larger diameter than the diameter of said bore; a trigger plate in said chamber having an opening for a pivot pin, said plate having a depending trigger, and an arcuate portion having a radius on the axis of said pivot pin opening, said arcuate por-- tion being at the upper forward portion of said plate and terminating rearwardly of the axis of said passage and supporting said ball with an upper portion thereof extending into said shaft receiving bore, said plate also having a ball retracting portion beginning at the rear end of said arcuate portion approaching said plate opening; a pivot pin received in aligned openings in the body at each side of said chamber and pivotal-1y received in the opening in said plate, the axis of said pivot pin being directly below the passage and being intersected by the axis of said passage, said ball riding on said arcuate portion and said ball retracting portion of said'trigger plate as the latter is pivotally actuated; and yielding means urging the trigger plate to a normal position whereat said ball is on said arcuate portion.

6. A spear gun, including: a body having a depending grip and a forwardly extending barrel supportpa portion of said body extending upwardly of the top of the barrel support and having a forwardly opening bore' therein for reception of a rear end portion of a spear shaft; said body having a ball receiving opening below said bore and communicating therewith; with a ball in said opening adapted to move into the bore but of some-- what larger diameter than said bore; a trigger plate pivotally mounted in said body and having 8, depending trigger member, the pivotal axis of said trigger plate being directly beneath the center of the ball and said trigger plate having an arcuate portion on which said ball rides, the radius of which is on the axis of the pivot of said plate, said arcuate portion normally extending forwardly and rearwardly of said ball, said plate also having an arcuate notch beginning at the rear end of the arcuate portion and curving toward the pivot; yielding means urging the trigger plate in a directiontoposition the trigger member in the normal forward position; and safety means having one position whereatpthe trigger plate is held gainst movement, and no er p si ion for reception of a rear endportionof a spear shaft; said 7 body having a ball receiving opening extending from said bore; a ball in said opening, a substantial portion of said ball being adapted to move into the bore which is of somewhat smaller diameter than said ball; a trigger plate pivotally mountedin said body and having a depending trigger member, the pivotal axis of said tn'gger plate being aligned with the pathof movement of the balLsaid trigger plate having an arcuate portion, the radius of which is on the axis-of the pivot-of said plate, said portion extending forwardly and rearwardly of said path, said platealso having-an arcuate notch beginning at the rear end of the arcuate portion and curving toward the pivot; yielding means urging the trigger plate in a directi n o positi n the rigger memb r in h n rmal forward Position. I

8. A harpoon gun, including: a body having a grip and a'barrel support, said body .having aforwardly opening bore therein for reception of a spear shaft; said body having a ball receiving opening below said bore and communicating therewith; a ball in said opening adapted to move into and out of said, bore; a trigger plate pivotally mounted in-said body andhaving a trigger memher, the pivotal axis of said trigger plate being aligned withthe path of movement of said ball, said trigg r Plate having an. arcuate p rtion, th radius of. wh ch s. on he axis of the pivot of. said plate and extending forwardly and rearwardly thereof, said plate also having a notch beginning at the rear end of the arcuatep0rtion and approachingcthe pivot, said ball riding on said arcuate por-. tioniand into said notch as said trigger-plate is actuated; and yieldingmeans urging thectrigger; plate in a direction to position the trigger member in the normal forward position whereat the ball is .on said arcuate portion with a portion extending into .said bore.

9. In a device of the class described: a body having an opening for reception of a portion of a spear shaft; a ball operably mountedin said body formovement into and out of locking engagement with said shaft; a trigger plate pivotally mounted in s-aid'bodyand having a trigger member engageable by ,a fingero'f the user, said plate including an arcuate portion, the radius of said arcuate portion being on the pivotal axis of said plate, the axisv of said plate being aligned with the path of movement of said ball and said arcuate portio'n backing the 'ball when the ball .is in the locking position, said plate having an arcuate notch beginning at the rear end an. opening fortreception of a portion of a'spear shaft; av

ball operably mounted in said body and having a path of movement into and out of locking engagement with said shaft; a trigger plate pivotally mounted in said body and having a trigger member engageable by a finger of the user, said plate including an arcuate'portion, the radius of said arcuateportion being on the pivotal axis of said plate, the axis of said plate being aligned with the Ion.- gitudinal center of said path and'said arcuate portion being arranged to back the .ball when theball' is .in the locking position, said plate also havingan arcuate notch beginning at the rear of said arcuate portion and curving toward the pivot of said plate, said'ball riding into said notch. as the trigger plate is actuated and thereby moving out of locking engagement with said shaft; and means 9 for urging the trigger plate to a normal position Where-at 1,768,944 the ball is in engagement with said areuate portion. 2,496,217 2,723,656 References Cited in the file of this patent 2,780,213

UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 1,545,465 Johnstone et a1 July 7, 1925 898,103

10 Taylor July 1, 1930 Kearny Jan. 31, 1950 Andina Nov. 15, 1955 Colling et a1. Feb. 5, 1957 FOREIGN PATENTS France June 26, 1944 

